Aviation History
Norway's aviation history began with pioneering flights in the 1910s, including Carl Cederström's 1910 flight over Oslo and Tryggve Gran's 1914 crossing of the North Sea, believed to be the first ever by air. Because of Norway's fjords and mountainous terrain, early operators such as Widerøe, founded in 1934, relied heavily on seaplanes to reach remote coastal communities. Norway's national carrier DNL (Det Norske Luftfartselskap) became one of three founding partners of Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS), formed in a 1946 consortium agreement with Sweden and Denmark and fully consolidated in 1951. Domestic rival Braathens SAFE also launched in 1946 and operated for decades before merging into SAS in 2004, while low-cost carrier Norwegian Air Shuttle, founded in 1993, later grew into one of Europe's largest low-cost long-haul operators before scaling back long-haul routes during a financial restructuring around 2021.
Swedish baron Carl Cederström flew for about 23 minutes over Kristiania (Oslo) on October 14, 1910, in one of the earliest confirmed flights in the country.
Hans Dons completed the first motorized flight by a Norwegian pilot on June 1, 1912; Kjeller, Norway's oldest aerodrome, soon became a center for early military aviation.
Tryggve Gran flew a Blériot XI-2 monoplane from Scotland to Norway on July 30, 1914, regarded as the first crossing of the North Sea by air.
Widerøe was established and went on to become a key operator of short-haul and seaplane routes along Norway's fjord coast.
Norway's DNL joined Sweden's and Denmark's national carriers in the Scandinavian Airlines System consortium agreement signed in Oslo in August 1946; Braathens SAFE was also founded that year.
Norway, Sweden and Denmark merged their national airline operations into a single consolidated Scandinavian Airlines System.
The low-cost carrier that became Norwegian Air Shuttle was established, later expanding into major European and transatlantic low-cost long-haul operations.
Braathens, historically Norway's largest domestic airline, merged into SAS operations, ending decades of domestic competition.
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on air travel, Norwegian Air Shuttle exited most long-haul international routes and underwent financial restructuring, refocusing on short-haul European operations.
SAS (Scandinavian Airlines) · Norwegian Air Shuttle · Widerøe · Braathens (historical) · DNL (historical)
General public/encyclopedic sources (Wikipedia, European Airlines historical archive); recent Norwegian Air Shuttle financial status and electric-aviation plans are time-sensitive and should be reverified.